The Civilizational Space of Italy: The Development of Society, Economics and Politics. Book 2. Capitalism of the 19th and 20th Centuries

This edition presents the second book of Alexander Buychik’s study of the civilizational space of Italy, focusing on the development of society, economics and politics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The monograph examines Italy as a historical and civilizational system shaped by political transformations, regional diversity, economic institutions and long-term social change. Special attention is given to the first half of the nineteenth century, including the Napoleonic period, the Kingdom of Italy, administrative reforms, fiscal policy and the restructuring of political power. The book analyses the population, industry, agriculture, trade and financial mechanisms that influenced the economic life of Italian territories. A significant part of the study is devoted to textile production, especially silk, wool and cotton industries, as well as to metallurgy, agriculture, livestock breeding, forestry and food production. The author also examines foreign trade, customs policy, maritime commerce and the economic role of major ports and cities such as Venice and Trieste. The second part of the work considers the development of the Italian economy in the twentieth century, including post-war recovery, economic growth, the public sector, state financial policy and structural changes in the national economy. The monograph connects economic processes with political institutions and shows how Italy’s regional and social characteristics influenced its modernization. By combining historical, economic and political analysis, the book offers a broad view of Italy’s transition through capitalism and modern state development. The publication is intended for historians, economists, political researchers, students, postgraduate students, teachers and readers interested in the history of Italy and European civilizational development.