Authorship and Contributorship

General Principle

Authorship in European Scientific e-Journal is based on substantial intellectual contribution, responsibility for the manuscript and approval of the submitted and published version of the work. Authorship should not be granted as a gift, honour, administrative formality or institutional courtesy.

All authors listed in a manuscript should have contributed meaningfully to the research, analysis, writing, interpretation, revision or academic development of the work. All authors should be able to identify their own contribution and should take responsibility for the integrity of the parts of the work in which they were involved.

The journal expects authors to resolve authorship questions before submission. The Editorial Office may request clarification if authorship, author order, affiliation, contribution or responsibility is unclear.

Authorship Criteria

A person may be listed as an author when they have made a substantial contribution to the manuscript and accept responsibility for its scholarly content. Authorship may be based on contribution to the conception, design, research, analysis, interpretation, writing or critical revision of the work.

Authorship may normally require participation in one or more of the following activities:

• development of the research idea, concept or theoretical framework;
• design of the study, methodology or analytical approach;
• collection, selection, interpretation or verification of research materials;
• data analysis, source analysis or scholarly interpretation;
• drafting of the manuscript or substantial parts of it;
• critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content;
• approval of the final version submitted for publication;
• acceptance of responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the work.

Author Responsibility

All authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript complies with the journal’s academic, ethical and editorial requirements. Authors should ensure that the manuscript is original, properly referenced, ethically prepared and not submitted or published elsewhere in a duplicate or misleading form.

All authors should review the final manuscript before submission. By submitting a manuscript to the journal, the corresponding author confirms that all co-authors have approved the submission and agree with the author list, author order and content of the manuscript.

Authors must cooperate with the Editorial Office if questions arise concerning authorship, originality, conflicts of interest, research integrity, citation, data, sources or post-publication correction.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the Editorial Office during submission, peer review, revision, publication preparation and post-publication correspondence. The corresponding author should provide accurate contact details and respond to editorial requests within a reasonable timeframe.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

• submitting the manuscript and required author information;
• confirming that all authors approve the submission;
• ensuring that all authors are aware of the journal’s policies;
• providing complete affiliations and contact information where required;
• communicating editorial decisions, reviewer comments and revision requests to co-authors;
• coordinating author responses to editorial queries;
• reviewing publication proofs or publication metadata where applicable;
• notifying the Editorial Office of any authorship or integrity issue.

Co-author Responsibility

Co-authors should review the manuscript, approve their inclusion in the author list and agree to the final version submitted to the journal. Co-authors should also confirm that their affiliations, names and contribution information are accurate.

Co-authors should inform the corresponding author or Editorial Office if they identify an authorship problem, ethical concern, error, undisclosed conflict of interest or other matter affecting the manuscript or published article.

Author Order

The order of authors should be agreed by all authors before submission. The journal does not determine author order and does not normally adjudicate disputes about the relative value of author contributions.

If author order has specific disciplinary meaning, the authors should ensure that the order is correct before submission. Any request to change author order after submission must be justified and approved by all affected authors.

Contributorship

Contributors who supported the work but do not meet authorship criteria should not be listed as authors. Such persons may be acknowledged in the manuscript where appropriate and where they have agreed to be acknowledged.

Contributions that may be acknowledged but do not necessarily justify authorship include:

• administrative or technical support;
• general supervision without substantial intellectual contribution;
• language editing or proofreading;
• formatting, layout or bibliographic assistance;
• data entry or routine technical work;
• institutional support or access to materials;
• general advice not amounting to substantial scholarly contribution;
• funding acquisition alone without intellectual contribution to the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements may be used to recognise persons, institutions, projects, funders or organisations that supported the research or manuscript preparation but do not meet authorship criteria.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that acknowledged persons have agreed to be named where such agreement is required or appropriate. Acknowledgement should not imply endorsement of the manuscript by persons or institutions unless such endorsement is explicitly stated and authorised.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

European Scientific e-Journal does not accept authorship practices that misrepresent contribution or responsibility. Authorship should not be used to reward status, seniority, personal relationships or institutional position without substantial scholarly contribution.

Unacceptable authorship practices include:

• guest authorship, where a person is listed despite insufficient contribution;
• honorary authorship, where status or position is used as a basis for authorship;
• gift authorship, where authorship is granted as a favour or courtesy;
• ghost authorship, where a substantial contributor is omitted from the author list;
• coercive authorship, where a person is added because of pressure or authority;
• unapproved authorship, where a person is listed without their knowledge or consent;
• misleading author order intended to misrepresent contribution.

Ghostwriting and Editorial Assistance

Any substantial writing, analytical or editorial assistance that affects the intellectual content of the manuscript should be disclosed. Language editing, proofreading or technical formatting does not normally constitute authorship, but such assistance may be acknowledged where appropriate.

Authors remain responsible for all content submitted under their names, including content developed with editorial, technical, translation or language support.

Changes to Authorship Before Publication

Requests to add, remove or rearrange authors after submission must be explained and approved by all affected authors. The Editorial Office may request written confirmation from the corresponding author and other authors before processing an authorship change.

A request to change authorship should include:

• the reason for the requested change;
• confirmation from all current authors;
• confirmation from any author being added or removed;
• updated author affiliations and contact information where required;
• updated contribution and conflict of interest information where applicable.

The journal may delay editorial processing until authorship questions are resolved.

Changes to Authorship After Publication

Authorship changes after publication are considered only when justified by clear evidence and approved by the relevant parties. Post-publication authorship changes may require a correction notice or update to article metadata.

If an authorship change is connected with a dispute, ethical concern or misrepresentation of contribution, the Editorial Board may consider the matter under this policy and related journal policies.

Authorship Disputes

Authorship disputes should be resolved by the authors and, where necessary, their institutions. The journal may request documentation but does not normally act as an investigative body for institutional authorship disputes.

If a dispute arises during editorial processing, the journal may suspend review or publication until the matter is resolved. If a dispute arises after publication, the Editorial Board may consider correction, editorial note, expression of concern or other action where appropriate.

Group Authorship and Institutional Authorship

Group authorship may be accepted where the manuscript is prepared by a formally identified research group, project team or institutional collective. The submission should identify the corresponding author and, where possible, the individual members responsible for the work.

Institutional authorship may be considered only where appropriate for the type of manuscript and where responsibility for the work is clearly defined.

Author Names, Affiliations and Contact Details

Authors must provide accurate names, institutional affiliations, countries or regions, and contact information where required by the journal. The corresponding author must provide a reliable email address for editorial communication.

Inaccurate author information may delay editorial processing or require correction before or after publication.

Author Identification

Authors may provide author identifiers, such as ORCID or other academic identifiers, where available. Such identifiers may support accurate attribution, indexing and author record management.

The absence of an author identifier does not prevent submission, but the journal encourages accurate and consistent author information.

Author Fees and Authorship

Payment of author fees or publication charges does not create a right to authorship, does not guarantee publication and does not replace editorial assessment or peer review. Authorship must be based on scholarly contribution and responsibility.

The journal does not accept the sale, transfer or purchase of authorship positions.

Post-publication Responsibility

Authors remain responsible for the integrity of published work after publication. If authors identify an error, authorship problem, ethical concern, conflict of interest or other issue affecting the publication record, they should notify the Editorial Office.

The Editorial Board may contact authors after publication if questions arise concerning authorship, contribution, originality, conflict of interest, correction or retraction.

Relationship with Other Policies

This policy is connected with the journal’s Authors’ Guidelines, Publication Ethics, Conflicts of Interest Policy, Plagiarism and Originality Policy, Research Misconduct Policy, Complaints and Appeals Policy and Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern Policy.

When an authorship issue is connected with plagiarism, duplicate publication, conflict of interest, peer review manipulation or post-publication correction, the Editorial Board may apply the relevant policies together.