The monograph of the Russian researcher presents an analysis of the social, economic and political development of Italy from the earliest times of the origin of the Apennine civilization to the 20th century. The second book provides a generalizing and detailed description of the social and economic institutions of the civilizational space of Italy in the 19th and 20th centuries. The book is intended for specialists in the field of history, economics and political institutions, graduate students and teachers in relevant fields, as well as readers interested in the history of Italy.