The monograph of the Russian researcher presents an analysis of the social, economic and political development of Italy from the earliest times of the origin of the Apennine civilization to the 20th century. The first book provides a generalized and detailed description of the social, economic and political institutions of the civilizational space of Italy during the era of Ancient Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Enlightenment until the 19th century. The book is intended for specialists in the field of history, economics and political institutions, graduate students and teachers in relevant fields, as well as readers interested in the history of Italy.